Discussion
This presentation is highly consistent with psychogenic erectile dysfunction (pED), particularly the situational subtype historically associated with early marital contexts. The abrupt onset during the honeymoon, normal sexual functioning with the same partner before marriage, preserved erectile capacity outside partnered intercourse and normal vascular and endocrine evaluations all converge toward a psychological mechanism rather than an organic one.
Situational pED has long been described in classical frameworks such as Rosen’s classification, and contemporary literature confirms its prominence in younger men facing relational or life-transition stress. The inconsistent response to PDE5 inhibitors in James’s case is also typical; when performance anxiety and cognitive interference dominate the sexual response, pharmacologic support alone is insufficient unless accompanied by psychotherapeutic strategies.
Importantly, this pattern closely mirrors what recent research identifies as unconsummated marriage driven by performance anxiety. A systematic review by Krishnappa et al. (2023) shows that the most frequent etiology of unconsummated marriage in couples with previously normal sexual activity is psychogenic erectile dysfunction, often triggered by symbolic or emotionally charged contexts such as the honeymoon. Their analysis underscores that this condition is not confined to traditional cultural settings but is increasingly observed in Western countries, particularly among young men under significant psychological or relational pressures.
Neurobiological work (Tian et al., 2025) further supports the multidimensional nature of pED: men with psychogenic ED demonstrate alterations in neural networks involved in arousal and emotional regulation, suggesting that psychological triggers translate into measurable changes in central processing.
Why the other diagnoses are less likely
A vasculogenic cause is improbable given normal Doppler findings, preserved erections in non-partnered settings and the patient’s age and health.
Hypogonadism is unlikely with normal testosterone, preserved libido and absence of systemic features.
Hyperprolactinemia is excluded by normal prolactin and would cause persistent, not situational, ED.
The pattern of sudden onset in a symbolic relational context, previous normal functioning with the same partner, normal investigations and growing performance anxiety strongly supports a psychogenic mechanism.
Management
Treatment is most effective when combining medical reassurance with targeted psychosexual intervention:
- CBT-based sexual therapy to address catastrophic thinking and the fear-of-failure loop;
- couple-oriented therapy, crucial in early marriage;
- graduated sensuality exercises, reducing focus on penetration;
- short-term PDE5 inhibitors to reduce initial anxiety.
This combined approach is supported by multiple reports.
Clinical update: Psychogenic Erectile Dysfunction (2024–2025)
Recent literature emphasises:
- rising presentations in younger men due to stress and sociocultural expectations;
- the need for routine psychological assessment in ED workups;
- neurobiological evidence supporting pED as a disorder of arousal-emotion integration;
- superior outcomes with combined psychotherapeutic and pharmacologic strategies.
This case illustrates the importance of contextual assessment and the limits of relying solely on biological investigations in young men with ED.
- Rosen RC. Psychogenic erectile dysfunction. Classification and management. Urol Clin North Am. 2001 May;28(2):269-78. doi: 10.1016/s0094-0143(05)70137-3. PMID: 11402580.
- Nguyen HMT, Gabrielson AT, Hellstrom WJG. Erectile Dysfunction in Young Men-A Review of the Prevalence and Risk Factors. Sex Med Rev. 2017 Oct;5(4):508-520. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.05.004. Epub 2017 Jun 20. PMID: 28642047.
- Reed-Maldonado AB, Lue TF. A syndrome of erectile dysfunction in young men? Transl Androl Urol. 2016 Apr;5(2):228-34. doi: 10.21037/tau.2016.03.02. PMID: 27141452; PMCID: PMC4837321.
- Tian, Z., Ma, Z., Dou, B. et al. Altered gray matter morphometry in psychogenic erectile dysfunction patients: A Surface-based morphometry study. Sci Rep 15, 28661 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14706-5
- Krishnappa P, Manfredi C, Jayaramaiah S, Ditonno F, Matippa P, Shah R, Moncada I. Unconsummated marriage: a systematic review of etiological factors and clinical management. J Sex Med. 2023 Dec 22;21(1):20-28. doi: 10.1093/jsxmed/qdad146. PMID: 37952223.
- Lidawi G, Asali M, Majdoub M, Rub R. Short-term intracavernous self-injection treatment of psychogenic erectile dysfunction secondary to sexual performance anxiety in unconsummated marriages. Int J Impot Res. 2022 Aug;34(5):407-410. doi: 10.1038/s41443-020-00399-z. Epub 2021 Feb 18. PMID: 33603244; PMCID: PMC9293754.